Obtaining a Sustainable Society Free Essays

There is a time where people wonder what the world is going to come to. Is there going to be a time where we run out of resources, or will we run out of room and become over populated? It is natural to wonder these types of questions. So we as humans need to come up with a solution on how we can maintain what we have now before it is gone and we have no future to look forward to. We will write a custom essay sample on Obtaining a Sustainable Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now By doing this we can ensure that our children and our children’s children. In order to obtain a population that can be sustained, whether you live in an over populated area or you live in low population where no one wants to have children. There needs to be some kind of order established to control population anywhere. A country such as Italy has low birth rates; in order to bring them back up incentives need to be put in place to insure that people will want to have children. Another country with a problem with low birth rates is Germany. Us as a world need to find some kind of happy medium, where the policies are not to strict for people with lots of children and not as lenient and glorious to those who only have one. There are many ways Italy and Germany can bring up their population, offer more incentives to married couples that want to have more children. You might want to offer cheaper health care. Cheaper or no cost health care would be ideal for just about anyone. It think this could be the best and the worst thing to do. There would have to be strict rules and regulations upon receiving this type of health care. Free or little no cost health care, would need to be monitored for fraud and so some people could not purposely repopulate without concern for over population. Some people may even have children just knowing of all the benefits they will receive. I think that is just wrong. Another way to be able to raise birth rates would be to abolish abortions, nless it was going to be a medically necessary. I know a few people that would use abortion just as birth control and that is wrong. Not only are you killing God’s master piece, but you are disgusting. In my honest opinion, I think that abortion needs to be looked at more carefully in our own country. I think that there should be a medical reason to why someone may or may not need an abortion. There are struggling couples and countries that want to have children, and then you have the people who use it just because they are not ready or may be too young. Another thing to avoid low birth rates in Italy and Germany would be to make sure married couples make time to procreate. I know that sounds vial and a little bit forward but, if couples can’t make time to take care of their personal lives then how can you make a population grow. Sure there is the use of sperm banks and the use of fertility drugs but, nothing compares to good old fashion procreation. Not having time to reproduce can be affected by a decreasing in the economy and in the loss of jobs. I am not sure how the job market is over in Germany or Italy but, here it’s a little on the slow side. In conclusion, there are so many different reasons why a country will have low birth rates. Any one of these reasons can make any city or country crumble. I think that every man and woman should do their part to repopulate. I also think that certain people don’t need to have any more children. Like for instance, a person who has three to four children should not be able to receive assistance for all those children. In a highly populated area, a person should only receive benefits for a certain number of children. For a country with low birth rates, certain incentives should apply to a couple that wants to have more children. How to cite Obtaining a Sustainable Society, Papers

Establishing an Internet Cafe @ Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol free essay sample

Introduction The first computer network was used by the U. S military in the year 1960. It was used for command and network with only one central authority to convey message from one place to another. However, its usefulness was limited as to its capacity to transmit. It took several years to develop powerful and sophisticated computers until it became what it is today. In the 70’s and 80’s, many group of people possessed computers. There were already network which became public domain and it came to be known as the internet. The fast changing technology that people embrace encourages them to avail the benefits of Internet services for their day to day activities. People tend to depend on convenient means of doing things with the aid of internet as life becomes more complicated. Internet changes our lives enormously. In fact, according to Internet World Stats, the estimated internet users worldwide are 2,405,518,376 as of June 30, 2012. The estimated number of users represents 34. 3% of the world’s population. In the Philippines, the internet connection began on March 29, 1994. The growth of internet in the country was very significant. However, there were many obstacles associated with the growth of internet including inequity in the distribution of internet throughout the country and corruption in the government. But these did not hinder the Filipinos to stop the internet. As years passed by, many Filipinos became users, which is a proof of the continuing development of the Internet connection in the country. Majority of the total population in the Philippines are netizens. According to Internet World Stats, the estimated users in the Philippines are 33,600,000 which represent 32. 4% of its total population. Being a developing country, not all can afford to have their own computers with internet access. Many would prefer to visit internet cafes to avail their services because it’s basically and practically cheaper than acquiring personal computers and laptops. In the province of Bohol, many people are users of the internet. It is evident because of the increasing number of Internet shops in the province. However, most of the Internet shops are located in the city thus, very limited to nearby barangays and towns. Only a few engages in internet shop businesses in municipalities or towns because of the risk of having no customers which will then result to unprofitable investment. We, the researchers of this study, therefore, agreed to make a research to determine the marketability, feasibility and profitability of establishing an internet cafe at Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol. Another is to determine the internet cafe product and services that will yield a better return on investment. Review on Related Literature The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW), the infrastructure to support email, and peer-to-peer networks (www. myenglishpages. com). The Internet, for some people, is the way to live. With a diverse source of information and access to the latest breaking events in the world, knowledge can be attained with a simple click. The Internet, undoubtedly, has profound potential. The global linkage allows us to connect with other individuals and share our thoughts and ideas. Social networking sites are one of the available means for global linkage like Facebook, Twitter, Tumbler and Multiply. This trend started with the rise of forums, chat services and file and media sharing sites, and combining these elements to create an integrated experience (Narciso, 2012). As Computer World Philippines magazine cited, the world becomes smaller because of Internet that connects people. The birth of various social networking sites made this possible. A smaller world also means faster information dissemination. In Asia, Social networking and gaming are very popular in the Internet Cafes. This popularity has helped create a strong demand and sustainable revenue model among most Internet Cafes. In the Philippines, the number of Filipinos who are using Internet is increasing each year. More and more Filipinos preferred to use Internet as a means of obtaining news and information rather than listening to radio or reading newspaper and magazines, according to a study conducted by TNS (Taylor Nelson Sofres), a global research company. Recently, â€Å"TNS Digital Life 2012† showed that 45% of Filipino respondents connected to the Internet compared to 36% who listened to radio, 12% who read newspapers, and 4% magazines. The study was based on interviews with 72,000 consumers in 60 countries worldwide from November 2011 to January 2012. With the tremendous consumption of internet, it has a major impact on every Filipino’s social life. They spend more time behind the PC either at home or at Internet Cafes than interacting with physical human beings face to face. They would rather sit online than get out for fresh air and exercise and instead of going to libraries, they just go â€Å"Google it† and any problem can be catered and solved. In addition to the study conducted by TNS, it also showed that majority of Filipinos accessing the Internet were children, teens and young adults. Debell and Chapman (2006) concluded that Internet use promotes cognitive development in children, specifically the area of visual intelligence, where certain computer activities-particularly games-may enhance the ability to monitor several visual stimuli at once, to read diagrams, recognize icons, and visualize spatial relationships. According to a series of benchmarking studies, academic achievement among poor rural students lags drastically behind their urban counterparts. However, currently very few poor rural schools have functioning computer facilities. With this, establishing an Internet Cafe could be of a great help as long as the place can be reached by the Internet Connection. As cited in in a website, one of the tips subsequent to assessment whether the place is good site to put-up with a signal and prior to establishment, is to ensure that there must be a maximum of 2 internet cafe in the target rural area (www. icafeproject. com). With all the consideration to the above requisites, we conclude that this study would be feasible in our target area, Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol for there was no existing Internet Cafe in the said place. Statement of the Problem This study entitled â€Å"Establishing an Internet Cafe at Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol† is primarily conducted to determine the profitability of this kind of business in the municipality. We take the opportunity to make this study because of the fact that this town is still untouched in terms of internet businesses. This study also considers the fact that the town is far from the city where most of the internet shops are located, thus giving the local members of the municipality an easier access to the internet. And finally, this study is necessary to determine the chances of success or failure of this kind of business for those aspiring to establish this business in the town of San,Isidro, Bohol. This study specifically sought to answer these sub-problems: Management Aspect: How would this business be managed and maintained? Marketing Aspect: What will be the approach to obtain target buyers? Technical Aspect: What is the best location and computer technology to be acquired in order to satisfy the increasing demand of customers? Financing and financial Aspect: What are the ways in which the business can maximize profit at the same time minimize its cost? Socio-economic Aspect: What are the ways in which the community members especially the students as well as the municipal government can benefit this business? Significance of the Study This study serves as a preparation for the effectiveness of establishing an internet cafe at Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol. It signifies the accumulation of different factors that contribute the profitability of this project proposal, obtaining reliable resources and sufficient knowledge to satisfy the needs of the public. Internet cafe, as proposed, will be established in the heart of the municipality to provide the awaited service to the people. This cafe is said to be the first ever cafe established in the municipality, hence, there are lots of benefits it may contribute: providing the people internet access to different social networking sites; efficient and easy connections; modern way of enjoyment as provided by different online games; encoding and printing documents; effective and reliable way of doing business transactions and others. The establishment of this proposal also caters not only the services it provides but the outcome of this project also increases the income of the government by way of paying taxes and licenses, employment opportunities and like. For better planning, this study provides the proper allocation of what particular field we invest a big attention for the different areas: management, marketing, technical, financing and financial and socio-economic to satisfy customers and to be more profitable. Research Design Research Methodology and Data Gathering Procedure The research method used in conducting the feasibility study is the descriptive research method. This research method provides a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the business being studied and it serves as a fact-finding tool that permits adequate interpretation of the results of the survey conducted by the researchers. It is a kind of research method that gives information about the present situation particularly on the feasibility of the said business. Research Environment Poblacion is one of the twelve (12) Barangays of San Isidro, Bohol. It is located at the heart of the Municipality. It is composed of 1,684 residents, divided into 15 puroks. The area has few commercial establishments: school, church, market and municipal hall. Most of the residents’ sources of living are from white-collar jobs and agriculture. Most of the high-income earners in the said municipality are living in the Poblacion. Sources of Data The primary sources of data used in this study are the questionnaires and interviews from the people of Barangay Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol. These questions and interviews are essential in obtaining valid and accurate data which is not found in books, magazines, periodicals, and others. The secondary sources of data used in this study include books, some internet provided information, dictionaries, magazines and other feasibility studies related to the topic and statistical data coming from the local government of Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol . Research Subjects The researchers randomly selected the people of Barangay Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol as respondents of this study. This is because the proponents of this feasibility believes that those chosen respondents can give the most appropriate information’s answers about the proposed business in relation to the present condition of the business industry. Sampling Technique Used The sampling technique used by the researchers is the Cluster Sampling Technique. The researchers divides the population into separate groups called clusters, then a simple random sample of clusters are selected from the population. The population of the selected Barangay is broken down into clusters by purok. Poblacion, San Isidro, Bohol is composed of 15 Puroks. 50% of the Puroks will be chosen through Lottery Sampling. In order to get an accurate representative sample size, 12 members will be selected from the chosen puroks through assignment of first number. Using the Slovin’s Formula having a margin of error of 10% the following were computed: n=_ N___ 1+N? 2Where: n=sample size N=total population ?=margin of error N= 1,684______ 1+ (1,684*0. 102) = 1,684_ 1+16. 84 =1,684_ 17. 84 =94. 39 or 94 Research Instruments The research instruments used in gathering data includes the use of questionnaire, interview and some library techniques. Questionnaire is the most common method of collecting data and serves as a written reference of the actual information necessary for the study. It consists of sets of questions in written form. Other library techniques were used such as the use of related books, magazines and related feasibility studies. Along with the survey questionnaires is an actual interview to provide first hand information from the respondents to better assess and analyze the present situation. Observation of some internet businesses was also done to gain more ideas regarding our proposed project. Operational Definition of Terms 1. Netizens A person who is a frequent or habitual user of the Internet. 2. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, it is arguably the single most important computer networking technology. The Internet and most home networks support TCP/IP as the language computers use to find and connect with each other. 3. Hypertext-the presentation of information as a linked network of nodes which readers are free to navigate in a non-linear fashion. It allows for multiple authors, a blurring of the author and reader functions, extended works with diffuse boundaries, and multiple reading paths. 4. TNS (TAYLOR NELSON SOFRES) PHILIPPINES, INC. -TNS Philippines is part of Kantar, one of the worlda s largest insight, information and consultancy groups. It currently stands as the leading customised marketing research company in the Philippines offering full service operations covering all aspects of marketing research and consulting, as well as in-house field and data processing. Our focus is to understand our clientsa marketing problems and design researches that make sure our analysis and recommendations are relevant and actionable for marketing decisions. 5. Cognitive development refers to the development of the ability to think and reason. Children (6 to 12 years old) develop the ability to think in concrete ways (concrete operations), such as how to combine (addition), separate (subtract or divide), order (alphabetize and sort), and transform (change things such as 5 pennies=1 nickel) objects and actions. They are called concrete because they are performed in the presence of the objects and events being thought about. 6. Optical networking uses thin glass or plastic optical fiber to transmit information in the form of light pulses. It is far more reliable and offers greater transmission capacity than conventional copper-wire networks. 7. SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) the most common optical transport protocol standards used in optical networking. They both meet the needs of traditional voice traffic, where all traffic is high-priority and patterns are generally predictable. 8. Facebook an online social networking service. Its name comes from a colloquialism for the directory given to students at some American universities. [5] Facebook was founded on February 4, 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University studentsEduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. [6] The founders had initially limited the websites membership to Harvard students, but later expanded it to colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before it opened to high-school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. Facebook now allows anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old to become a registered user of the website. [7] 9. Twitter an online social networking and microblogging service that enables users to send and read tweets, which are text messages limited to 140 characters. Registered users can read and post tweets, but unregistered users can only read them. Users access Twitter through the website interface, SMS, or mobile device app. [10] Twitter Inc. is based in San Francisco and has offices in New York City, Boston, San Antonio and Detroit. [ 10. Tumblr stylized in its logo as tumblr. , is a microblogging platform and social networking website founded by David Karp and owned by Yahoo! Inc. The service allows users to post multimedia and other content to a short-form blog. Users can follow other users blogs, as well as make their blogs private. [4][5] Much of the websites features are accessed from the dashboard interface, where the option to post content and posts of followed blogs appear. 11. Internet a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. According to Internet World Stats, as of December 31, 2011 there was an estimated 2,267,233,742 Internet users worldwide. This represents 32. 7% of the worlds population. 12. Multiply a social networking service with an emphasis on allowing users to share media – such as photos, videos and blog entries – with their real-world network. The website was launched in March 2004 and is privately held with backing by VantagePoint Venture Partners,Point Judith Capital, Transcosmos, and private investors. [2] Multiply had over 11 million registered users. The company was headquarterd inBoca Raton, Florida but moved to Jakarta, Indonesia early in 2012 and recently announced intentions to switch to e-commerce, dropping the social networking aspect entirely. Quantcast estimates Multiply had 2. 47 million monthly U. S. unique visitors at their peak on July 30, 2012the quality, state, or capability of being connective orconnected ; especially : the ability to connect to or communicate with another computer or computer system 13. Computers the ability to link to and communicate with other computer systems, electronic devices,software, or the Internet: This laptop has limited connectivity. 14. Connectivity- the means by which individual terminals, computers, mobile devices, and local area networks connect to the global Internet 15. Network a group of two or more computer systems linked together. 16. Computer- is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem. 17. Social networking service- an online service, platform, or site that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections. 18. Social network- is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations) and a set of the dyadic ties between these actors. The social network perspective provides a set of methods for analyzing the structure of whole social entities as well as a variety of theories explaining the patterns observed in these structures. The study of these structures uses social network analysis to identify local and global patterns, locate influential entities, and examine network dynamics. 19. Electronics-deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. 20. Google- is an American multinational corporation specializing in Internet-related services and products. These include search, cloud computing,software, and online advertising technologies. [6] Most of its profits are derived from AdWords.

All About Mettre - Irregular French Verb

All About Mettre - Irregular French Verb Mettre, which means to put, is one of the most common French verbs. It is irregular in conjugation and is found in a number of idiomatic expressions.Using mettreMettre means to put:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis les livres sur la table.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I put the books on the table.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il faut mettre sa famille avant son travail.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You have to put your family before your work.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mettez les mains en lair.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put your hands in the air.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il veut mettre de largent dans votre affaire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He wants to put money into your business.Mettre has various other meanings as well.1. to put on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tu dois mettre un pull.  Ã‚  Ã‚  You need to put on a sweater.2. to spend time on  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis deux semaines le faire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I spent two weeks doing it.3. to turn on, activate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Peux-tu mettre la radio  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could you turn on the radio?4. to suppose  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mettons quil a raison....  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supposing / Lets just say that hes ri ght....Mettre noun infinitive means to put something up/out/on to do something:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jai mis de leau bouillir.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I put some water on to boil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il doit mettre le linge sà ©cher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He has to put (hang) the laundry up to dry.Se mettreSe mettre also has many different meanings.1. to put oneself  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mets-toi cà ´tà © de ton frà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Put yourself next to your brother, Go sit/stand next to your brother.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je dois me mettre lombre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have to get into the shade.(figurative)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je ne sais pas oà ¹ me mettre.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont know where to look / what to do with myself.  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre dans une situation dà ©licate  Ã‚  Ã‚  to put/get oneself into a delicate situation2. to become (weather)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il va se mettre au froid demain.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Its going to get/turn cold tomorrow.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest mis au chaud.  Ã‚  Ã‚  It got hot.3. se mettre - to start, set to, take up  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il sest enfin mis au travail.  Ã‚  Ã‚  He finally started working.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais me mettre la danse.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Im going to take up dancing.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quand vas -tu te mettre à ©tudier  ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  When are you going to start / set about studying?Expressions with mettre  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre lessai - to put to the test  Ã‚  Ã‚  mettre en relief - to accentuate, bring out, emphasize  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il y a mis le temps  ! - He took his sweet time about it!  Ã‚  Ã‚  se mettre au rà ©gime - to go on a diet  Ã‚  Ã‚  More expressions with mettreConjugationsPresent tense  Ã‚  Ã‚  je mets  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu  mets  Ã‚  Ã‚  il met  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous  mettons  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous  mettez  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils  mettentAll tenses

The eNotes Blog Wonderful Wanderlust Books that Make You Want to goPlaces

Wonderful Wanderlust Books that Make You Want to goPlaces Travel is one of the most wonderful experiences granted to us what other creature can say (relatively on a whim) that they want a change of scenery and to experience something new? With the potential exception of migratory birds, not many. So what influences us to want to see the sights? Often, its hearing about grand adventures or seeing pictures of some far-off land. But there is another medium that gives us an itch to get going:  literature, books, stories, etc. Reading the story of a life somewhere far, far away makes  us  yearn to see the places the author describes. That being said, it is important to note that not everything  happening in all countries is  peachy. Many books (set in the U.S. and around the world) focus on the strife and turmoil happening within those borders, and its relatively impossible and perhaps irresponsible to make a booklist that ignores drama and conflict. So please, enjoy the following list, make some travel plans, learn some stuff, and stay safe out there! Inferno  by Dan Brown Inferno is the fourth installment in  Browns series following the fast-paced, crazy life of Harvard professor Robert Langdon. Really, all of the Langdon books (actually all of Browns books),  take place in international  locations, and Browns knowledge and use of  language does a beautiful job detailing these countries. This story in particular takes place in Florence, Italy. Langdon wakes up  in a hospital room with no recollection of how he got there. In almost no time at all, he and the young doctor, Sienna Brooks, are fleeing through the streets of Florence  and  running from an unknown enemy.  Inferno takes its reader on a detailed tour of Florences beauty and historical influences all the while teaching a thing or two about one of Florences most famous people, Dante Alighieri. Wolf Dreams  by Yasmina Khadra This story  gives you a picture of the modern chaos happening at the moment (good for your political knowledge), and it lends itself to the beauty of alternative culture and the landscape within the country.  The book follows the life of Nafa Walid, the so-called heart throb of the Casbah, as he evolves, with terrifying seamlessness, from desiring a life of cinematic fame and fortune to being a member of the Islamic Fundamentalist Movement, committing murder with relative abandon. Wolf Dreams isnt exactly a travel guide, but it  is rich in imagery and cultural awareness. Shantaram  by Gregory David Roberts Shantaram  is just one picture  of India, but it is a pretty  fascinating  one. Based on the life of the author,  Shantaram details the life of a heroin addict/armed robber who escapes from the clutches of an Australian prison and flees to Bombay  before settling in a slum. While in Bombay, our man manages to open a free health clinic, get involved with the mafia, and meet the love of his life. Not bad for a convict on the run. While its not the most glamorous story, you do get a rugged picture of a very real area of India, and depending on what kind of traveler you are, that may be exactly what youre looking for. One Hundred Years of Solitude  by Gabrà ­el Garcà ­a Marquez This is a truly complicated story from start to finish but absolutely worth the effort you put into reading it. The book is set in South America, but with a great deal of influence via magical realism. We follow the multi-generational story of the Buendà ­a family, starting with the foundation of the mythical city Macondo by the familys patriarch, Josà © Arcadio Buendà ­a. Josà © is said to have originally dreamed of a city surrounded by water and filled with mirrors (hello, magical realism, good to see you), and eventually establishes such a place between riverbanks. Throughout the novel, the emerging generations of Buendà ­as suffer various tragedies but refuse to leave the land of their ancestors. Full of magical elements and beautiful descriptions of South America (particularly Colombia and its surrounding areas),  One Hundred Years of Solitude has been translated into 37 languages and has sold over 30 million copies worldwide- for good reason. The Valley of Amazement  by Amy Tan Life as a  courtesan in 20th century China was certainly a difficult one. Following the life of Violet Minturn,  The Valley of Amazement tells the story of a young girl forced to separate from her mother and become a virgin courtesan in the city.  The story  spans over fifty years, and we see Violets evolution from scared, young girl to savvy and sharp businesswoman- but to anyone with knowledge of her past,  her success is a mask for some major  inner turmoil. Through it all, in spite of the emotional rollercoaster youre invited to ride, readers are also treated to an accurate rendering of life and culture in 20th century China, and thats a beautiful thing. The Alchemist  by Paulo Coelho As one of the most read books in recent times, you can expect  The Alchemist to be an incredible book- and it really is. In essence, this is a story about following your dreams. We follow the life of a young shepherd boy as he travels from Spain to Egypt (and we mean travels the old-fashioned way- not just hopping on the nearest plane and landing in Cairo) in search of fulfilling his dream of discovering hidden treasure. Throughout his journey, our shepherd boy learns the true meaning of love, friendship, and happiness in the midst of, lets say difficult, scenarios. If youve heard the quote, if you can concentrate on the present, youll always be happy, then you should know that it comes from this book. Seven Ages of Paris  by Alistair Horne If youre interested in France, particularly Paris, Seven Ages of Paris could be exactly what youre looking for to enhance your historical knowledge and give  you the  satisfaction of reading a great story. The book itself jumps around quite a bit, as it spans (through a series of flashbacks) the course of French history from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. Horne has clearly done an incredible amount of research on his subject matter and provides readers an incredible image of what France was like during each time period.  As Hywell Williams said in his  Guardian  review, he is, in the best sense of the word, an amateur of Paris past and present- informed, reliable, enthusiastic. He knows where the Parisian bodies are buried, and he also knows the cost of the lives of both the obscure and the grand people that went into the making of a city, (Williams)   No arguments there, Williams. Its a love story  with  violence, lots of  drama, and some history- something for everybody. The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants  by Ann Brashares To end this list on a positive, happy note, take a look at the  Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants series- all in all, there are five of them. The series is based on the lives of four girls who have been friends quite literally since birth. As they separate for the first (and eventually second, third, fourth, etc. times), the girls find  a pair of pants that fit all of them, in spite of their very different sizes. So why is this series included on a list about wanderlust? Well, thats because each book makes you want to change your life through travel, and because thats what they do every summer. (It will make you jealous.) For example, in the first book, Lena travels to Greece,  Bridget goes to California  and  Mexico, and  Carmen goes off to South Carolina. And thats just the first book! It isnt just that these characters go to amazing places, but also that Brashares is such a talented writer that she makes her readers feel as if they are also embarking on these adventures.  If you want wanderlust without the political influences, this is the series for you. Happy reading (and wanderlusting)!

What is the impact of SOA in industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is the impact of SOA in industry - Essay Example oach that asserts the intention to build software assets in an organization in order to improve the organization efficiency in meeting its needs (Marks, 2013, p.98). In this context, the term service refers to a unit of functionality that is self-contained like doing and online shopping or a retrieval of a bank statement in the internet. It is as a result of SOA that computer that are interconnected in an organization are able to cooperate, with adoption of the SOA rapidly gaining some popularity in the modern world especially in the large businesses and centralized organizations. Service-oriented architecture creates a situation whereby every computer in the network can perform indiscriminate number of services while still capable of exchanging different information in an easy way. Exchange of information between the various computers that are interconnected is made possible without any need for human interaction or change in the primary program .Application of SOA is associated with numerous advantages that make it appear like it is the dominant form of enterprise architecture in the modern world. One of this key advantage that has made the system become popular is the ability of the system to allow continuous use and easy-sharing of data between various programs vendors without necessarily having to buy an additional program or make changes to the services. Moreover, in most cases the services provided by the system are reusable, a factor that lowers the total cost in terms of the development and maintenance cost, while at the same time providing much valu e after the development and testing of the service. However, SOA is not likely to make any difference or be beneficial to a business organization especially if the organization adopting is small (does not have two or more primary systems that require a degree of integration), or the organization is large but is far much decentralized. Despite the above-mentioned benefits of using SOA in an organization, there

Environmental Scan Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Environmental Scan - Research Paper Example With strong engineering capabilities, Ford has highly skilled managers and workers to manufacture automobiles meeting stringent needs of the market. The company's brand name has evolved over time for last several decades and it is known as the reliable auto-manufacturer among customers. It has well-established R&D facilities to develop fuel-efficient engines that can meet the most stringent norms of the market in terms of flue gas emissions. As per company's website information, total 77 units – either full-fledged assembly lines or component manufacturing units are in operation globally. At least one-third of these installations are in the US alone (List of Operations Worldwide, 2013). It is pertinent to note that Ford continues to attract committed workforce with diverse background that include ethnicity, race, culture, age, religion, and gender and the company puts considerable efforts in imparting training to their workers for the organization development (Diversity, 2013) . External Environment of Ford External environment of Ford Motors is quite challenging. ... Source: http://corporate.ford.com/microsites/sustainability-report-2011-12/blueprint-strategy Its recently launched model ‘Fusion’ with an array of technology features that matches with the luxury features of the Aston-Martin – a luxurious sports car has been able to grab one of the top slots in prestigious markets of California. Its sales are up significantly in North California replacing Toyotas and Hondas of customers (Ramsey, 2013). Current trend is towards developing and offering smart gadgets to consumers and accordingly, Ford has tied up with Microsoft to develop a â€Å"Smart Car’ with some fancy features that are not available anywhere so far. Since early 2012, Ford Motors' business strategy lies in implementing its 'ONE Ford Plan'. It essentially consists of four-point business plan for achieving success in the market place and they are restructuring operations aggressively to meet needs of the market; developing new models/products as per the ne ed of customers; directing workforce to work effectively as one cohesive team and working towards improving the company’s balance sheet. ‘ONE Ford Plan’ encourages teamwork, brings focus on its objectives with a single global approach. Much of the emphasis has been put on working as a single team to achieve business leadership. ‘ONE Ford Plan’ is supported by a set of behaviors that govern all employees of the organization. Strategic success is measured through satisfaction levels of customers, employees, and associates such as dealers, suppliers, investors and the communities in which the company operates. ONE Ford decides about goals and expectations of employees regardless of which global plant they work at. The focus is on behaviors and skills that all workers must demonstrate to

Law of Protection Business Information Critique

Law of Protection Business Information Critique A critique of the extent of implementing the law of protection business information in Europe and the U.S. Introduction Stealing secretive business information and economic espionages as a result of globalization reveals an increase in the involvement of many commercial blocks to protect business ideas, through a litigation process. Regional economic blocks such as the jurisdiction of the European Union through its Commission as well as the U.S. have increased an extent of laws, from the roots of the international law provisions, so that it can protect the business firms in their jurisdictions from the vices. An important thing to note is that business information regarding the intellectual properties is critical in the center for this discussion through four key areas namely the copyright issues, trademark issues, trade secrets and patent issues. Many of the states in the case study regions have come up with various pieces of law as well as definitions of the trade secrets that they protect which is enforceable throughout the world. The process that enables application of such laws involves the provisions by international treats which might lead to contractual agreements or guide multilateral and bilateral relations between states. Global bodies whose conventions are legally binding such as the United Nations also come up with regulations which, particularly, for the case, protect the way of business information and also trade secrets through the assent by signature to that body. The process of globalization makes many nations to realize the many problems that all states share. However, the capabilities and foreign policy elements of various jurisdictions are not equal. Also, if some of the nations decide to address the problems alone, they may not be able to come up with ways of protecting their citizens or firms in an international platform without the help of the rules guiding the relations between various states. Therefore, it is important that there are not only global bodies present for international protection but also institutions such as the legal departments that come up with the legislations. They should also be able to enforce it through statutory provisions in the conventions signed by parties on a voluntary basis. Ideally, no particular enforcement agency or body is independent in enforcing the laws but only possible with the help of the treaties. Some of the departments are given the directive to undertake certain duties for the purpose of prot ection of the states and their citizens against particular threats. In this case, theft and economic espionage have been on the rise prompting many nations to come up with the laws to protect firms and businesses from this global threat. With the increase in technology, some of the thefts take place even through online systems, such as cyber attacks, which might retrieve the nature of trade secrets regarding the nature of individual strategies of business operations to a particular company and use it for unfair competitive practices. The United Nations conventions also have the specific legislature which addresses this issue and which guides the formulation of constitutional laws by individual countries, to protect the trade secrets at an international level. The paper focuses on the nature and security of the business information, and trade secrets concerning the United States and Europe regarding nature and extent of which the particular countries involve their legal obligations in protecting companies from economic espionage and theft in a global market. Also, the paper will establish whether the recent increase in the litigation process to protect companies from the vices is as a result of the increasing number of the violation of the trade secrets law. The supportive arguments for this study will arise through the survey on the pieces of legislation by the case study countries. The focus is on how they utilize international law and the development of local legislations to guide the nature of business practice, protection of information and enhance fair competition amongst companies that face the threat of stealing trade secrets for their befit. Also, through concentration on the elements of intellectual property, the study will also involve the laws as well as the legal consequences of the violations of the provisions in each of the individual jurisdiction to establish the extent and seriousness of this problem. The purpose is to prove that the blocks are addressing the protection of trade secrets not only to their jurisdiction but also on the internationalization of business. The structure of this paper will involve the discourse on the definitions of the firm secrets by various laws and critical analysis, and assessment of the historical evolution of this principle at the international level. Also, it will conceptualize the law of trade secrets and a discussion of the legal complexities that surround its implementation. Further, the paper will look into the extent of application of the trade secrets principle while discussing the philosophies of intellectual property law in the individual jurisdictions. Lastly, the discussion will give examples of pro-plaintiff and pro-defendant cases as a trend arising from the implementation of trade secrets principle in the United States and Europe jurisdictions. Definitions of trade secrets under international laws and their historical evolutions Firstly, the treaties between states and the international laws are binding on member states due to the ratification and implementation of the Vienna Convention on the law of treaties of 1969[1].The law guides the nature of international relations and in particular contributes largely to the sources of international law in which, its violation has consequences and can be in prosecution in the international court of justice. The treaties also observe the principles of the litigation at a global level such the equal rights and self-determination by the United Nations, which ensures that the sovereignty of all states is equal despite the economic or development differences. On this realization, most of the definitions of trade secrets in the international level arise from such treaties that are binding on all members states in equal measure, especially the rules guiding the nature of conducting trade between countries. In particular, the membership of countries to the WTO is the foundation on the conventions. As an international body, therefore, special rules have to guide the relations of conducting trade between states and also fair practices that will enhance the peaceful relationship within countries. The ratification of the laws by the world trade organizations is as a result of the deliberations of member states regarding emerging problems such theft of trade secrets and economic espionage. Also, it involves coming up with a treaty containing pieces of law with the aid of legal experts that members debate on and agree to it for the purpose of its implementation. The first explanation of the principle by the WTO refers to the perspective through Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which views the principle to be commercial and private data that are uniquely applicable to the particular company[2].The law is in consideration as the first one to protect trade secrets at the international level through protecting undisclosed business information regarding copyrights, trademarks of firms, the patents issues and the trade secrets that may result in unfair competitions of businesses. Another important agreement that will also help define the trade secrets and constitute to its historical evolution in the international scene is the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property by the World Intellectual Property Organizations[3]. Defining trade secrets is similar among many countries which agree that the protection of this principle should have a practical value. In this case, it should involve the stakeholders of the organization and not an individual. They should not be made known to the public. Section seven of TRIPS in one of the articles by WTO outlines not only the law of protecting undisclosed information by business but also its definition. One of the definitions under this treaty by states that are members of WTO addresses the secrecy of the information. The provisions describe the protected information must be secret though the vice is not obsolete. In particular, an owner of a business can reveal the secrets to the firm partners and employee, but the information should not be readily available to the public. Also, those with the secrets should keep them that way on avoiding giving the knowledge to the public. The second aspect is the commercial value of the trade secrets. According to the agreement of TRIPS, private business information is a set of ideas about a business that has a massive market segment, and the protection of the information is to prevent the commercial information from other competing companies that may try to derive the utility out of the trade secrets. Lastly, the definition could be as a result of maintaining secrets using efforts that are reasonable. In this case, the law defines trade secrets as those who fulfill the energy requirement by company owners in protecting their information. The protection of the secret is due to reasons beyond such efforts by an individual that have to be reasonable. Some of the reasonable efforts according to the law, therefore, refer to common law in various countries requiring contractual agreements between the company and employees on the secrecy as well as the confidentiality notices so that the law could be able to protect the information. In an international scene, this consists of the efforts by the companies especially the multinational ones as well as the states of being reasonable and resulting to security provision of the business ideas. In the above definitions by the treaty, it does not offer the civil defense, especially to the technical information protection since it tends to only focus on the commercial perspective of the information. Also, the law does not protect the use information that might be confidential to a company that gets out to the public through fair means in the regular course of competitions primarily technical information such industrial designs. According to the TRIPS, the members of WTO, besides the obligation of the institution to protect commercial and confidential information, individual countries should place national systems to safeguard the businesses under their jurisdictions. However the failure of the treaty to set the standards or extent of the protection, the protection rights have the substantial variation which may even hinder internationalization of business. Some of the examples of such hindrances are the breaches of contract and acquisitions by third parties as a result of mis appropriation that differ across economic blocks around the world[4]. Articles 1 and 10bis of the Paris conventions regarding the industrial property protection is also about the TRIPS agreements as part of the scope of protecting trade secrets. In the article of the Paris conventions, for example, it outlines the requirement of a union in the member states for offering safety to the ownerships of valuable data to be in application. According to the section, the trade secrets include the object patents, industrial designs, trade names, and trademarks, as well as the models of the utility whose sharing with other people apart from the original innovators, may result in unfair practices in the competitive environment. On the other hand, Article 10bis of the same convention also indicates forms of unfair practices and the protection of the trade secrets from this threat. In particular, this law requires that the individual countries of the union should protect their citizens from the threat by legislating against unfair practices, confusion, false allegat ions or indications of misleading the public. The process concerns the nature of activities of the industrial use of products across all economic sectors[5]. Therefore the article addresses the protection of information from the view that trade secrets involve only the intellectual property. The convention also compliments the arguments by the TRIPS regarding the fact that apart from the provisions of the agreements, there is a need for the individual states also to establish national laws. The legislations enhance the protection of property for the business especially the ones protecting the theft of information that could lead to unfair completion if in the hand of competitors. Lastly, in addition to the protection of commercial and confidential information, this convention also gives consideration to technical information which is more critical and the one that builds brands of companies such as the Walmart retail businesses and Apple technologies among other big companies with a unique innovation and presence in the world. Conceptualization of trade secrets law Different states have different opinions regarding the premises of the legislation on providing protection to business concepts at risk. For example, to Europe, an English law on trade secrets is on the assumption breach of confidence regarding the trade secrecy. In the U.S., the premise of the protection law company secrecy is through protection of the business information. Some scholars do argue that no unified theory explains the trade secrets law but however recognizes that it is a collection of norms as well as approaches that offer protection to business information. Therefore, the normative and conceptual ideas indicate that the definition of property extends beyond the actual ownerships to include products as a result of innovation and forms of labor. Also, the rise in the global concern over the issue reveals that the need for protection of this kind of information is critical in enhancing the relations between states. Though other people may view trade secrets as not being property, the future developments of law that protect their rights facilitate the concept that the characteristics of the business information meet the ownership status. The concept goes even further through law provisions in some of the jurisdictions to indicate the fact that the supply of such rights constitutes a duty. For example in the US, the protection of this nature of business property through rights implies that the information has the potential of compensation under the federal constitution. On the other hand, European nations do not consider information as property but instead provide procedures and solutions to facilitate the claims of intellectual properties. Examples of such laws in the European states include the economics and trade secrets law. Therefore, there is the existence of the concept of trade secrecy among many nations. The was increasing efforts through conventions, as well as national legislation in individual states, shows the global concern of the consistent trait of the abuse of property rights under the law of various jurisdictions. The underlying reason, such as the increasing economic espionage cases and the efforts by the governments concern to respond to adverse effects of theft of business information that is confidential, shows that the concept exists. Besides, the consistent nature towards the traits through the consequences of globalization identifies the duty of the international bodies to come up with legally binding agreements. They protect companies from the character of this threat clearly shows the emergence of the concepts as well as the trend of the risk that changes with both levels of technology and internationalization of businesses which also require continued efforts of revising the law t o protect the ideation of the businesses from theft. Underlying philosophies of law on intangibles The discussions around trade secrets in most cases tend to involve the concept of copyright protection. Therefore, it is essential to understand the nature of the concept as well as the underlying principle to enhance the later discussion concerning the extent to which both the United States of America and Europe apply the law of trade secrets in their respective jurisdictions. Also, the basis of the case laws that show the pro-plaintiff and the pro-defendant is this concept especially after the implementation of particular laws in the region as a global trend today. Intellectual property refers to the inventions, creative works, and use of symbols, names or images that identify with a particular company for commercial purposes. On this basis, the intellectual property could be divided into industry ownership and copyright issues. Some of the problems associated with industrial properties include trademarks designs and geographical indications. On the other hand, copyright involves writings and artistic works, and architectural drawings. In some cases, performing artists such as singers have specific rights which relate to copyrighting. The same applies to recordings by both radio broadcasts and television programs among other examples that copyright their material to prevent other people from using the information without their permission which in most cases involve attaching a commercial value for the usage of the products. The intellectual property rights include the allowance of individuals as well as companies with unique information to benefit from their work or ideas regarding the commercial use of their products. Some universal treaties, such as the universal declaration of human rights in Article 27 outline some of these rights[6]. Also, apart from the Paris Convention for the protection of industrial property in the earlier discourse, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 1886 by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) also provides some of the rights[7]. Such incidences of protection of the kind of properties indicate that there are significant reasons why the world organizations should legislate to protect trade secrets. One of the reasons is that legal protection, especially to new creations in culture and technology, encourages many companies to come up with supportive measures such as additional resources for new products that will improve hum anity. Also, through this protection, the countries could experience faster economic growth, higher quality of life as well as opening up of the employment opportunities. Therefore, the protection creates a level of the interest of people with the idea and also the citizen concerns that many states serve. The occurrence of common problems through the globe also require the efforts of agreements such as through the convention to help protect the common international interests of member states since the occurrence of some of the problems such theft of information has no boundaries. Patents offer exclusive rights to inventions or technical solutions towards particular problems in most cases up to twenty years. They are necessary to provide incentives to the investors as recognition of their creativity and innovation. Patents offer protection that prevents the information from commercial production, distribution or use without consent from the owner. In this scenario, the courts enforce the protection of these rights. A patent holder could, therefore, have the exclusive right to give the information to anyone of their choice with particular confidential requirements of not sharing. Once the period expires, then the information can be free for use by the public. A trademark refers to a unique sign that is in the identification of a particular type of product.ÂÂ   The clients using the product have a relation with that particular sign. Other companies may try to copy the trademark as the way to create confusion within the customers and therefore, have an opportunity to make some of the clients to buy their products that result in unfair competition practices. Trademark protection, therefore, ensures that the owners have the rights of using the mark exclusively as a brand of their products. The courts determination also enforces the legal complexities surrounding the issues. They promote the recognition and financial gains by individuals or enterprises. They can consist of drawings, symbols, or numerical having distinguishing features. The registration of the trademarks is widespread in many countries, but however, in most cases, the impact of the brands might be restricted to the individual countries. A geographical indication is a particular location in which the product originates due to its reputation due to the place. For example, Arabian coffee or electrical appliances manufactured by the United Kingdom among others indicate that the location of that production is significant for the usage of the product. Some people might locally produce or make the products that constitute limitations for financial gain and unfair competition practices aimed at only making the profit using another companys geographical indicator. Some of the valuable reputations are vulnerable to misuse and are interpretation hence the need to protect them. In most cases, the protection is through national laws under other provisions of the law on rights. Also, WIPO through international agreements such as the Lisbon agreement and other meetings that allow member states to enhance international protection. The last one involves the copyrights where the owner of such rights can be able to prohibit or permit the use of their information that is of their originality. The examples of these applications may include a reproduction of content, public performance, broadcasting, language translation or adoption to other forms with the consent of the owner. The law applies to right from the production, distribution and to the end user of the products. The economic rights regarding the copyrights also allow companies to purchase some of the rights or give compensation for the use of the content by an individual or business such as through partnerships. In most cases, the nature of this relationship is through the directive of contractual agreements for enforcement by law[8]. The protection of the copyright rights enhances creativity and innovation. However, with the increasing technological advancement, some of the materials may be readily available through online platforms. Organizations such as the WIPO through the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCI) also provide the rights[9]. Also, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) provide the rights of using creative workers over the internet to as to protect the copyright of the owner regarding usability and economic compensations[10]. Critique of the extent of business information law in Europe Recently, protecting business ideas in Europe has made progress of legislative developments as a result of the involvement of the European Commission and ratification by the European Parliament. One of the major, legal arsenals of the industrial players in Europe is the use of patent law to protect their technology. Reports reveal concerns that the laws are not sufficient to address the problem of industrial espionage in the technological fields. In particular, the issue discusses the threat of leaking such information through former workers in companies, contractors or the other third parties. The legal complexities that both the industrial players and the European Union involve in are due to two primary reasons. The first reason is that recognition of the need to protect the trade secrets will help increase the levels of innovation in Europe and allow it to compete in an efficient manner with other jurisdictions having more protection such as the United States. The second reason is to provide a response to the increasing cases of stealing of technology within European businesses. One of the litigation to enhance the national laws is to strengthen the proposed directive which aims at breaching the gap through harmonization of existing laws. There is need to review the company laws will also help in increasing the research and development activities by balancing the leveling of the trade secret protection throughout the Europe countries to reach the same levels[11]. The formulation process is careful to ensure fair competition between various companies and the issue regarding the freedom of workers and their mobility in implementing it. Also, the legislation has to put into consideration the avoidance of restricting the independent contractors. The reasons include the fact that the scope of protection that goes beyond patent rights only and that trade secret do not only involve technological products but information with commercial value too. The need for the new legislation is the increase in the theft through digital platforms involving activities such as cyber-attacks that might potentially disclose the confidential information to the particular regarding a particular company. As a result, a report by European Commission study on secrecy off information of companies shows the use of the protection of the company secrets across all the European countries. Lastly, the definition of trade secrets as the know-how through the European Commission Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation (TTBER) also requires review to widen the definition scope[12]. According to Article 1.1(i) of TTBER, trade secrets are not known or accessible, have strong use in production and contractual activities and not easily identified. Therefore, through the implementation of the litigation content, the nature of business practice will involve fairness, and positive development through better protection of the trade secrets. Critique of the extent of trade secrets in the US The United States is one of the most advanced countries regarding the protection of trade secrets through the international law application, the federal law and lastly the state law. In the US, the trade secret refers to confidential information that is also commercial which gives a substantial competitive advantage[13]. Some of the trade secrets include customer lists, marketing strategies, and pricing information. One of such secrets is the Coca-Cola formula for its products. Today, the trade secrets are increasingly becoming among the most significant valuable assets that are not tangible. The theft of these trade secrets leads to massive losses especially by the American firms to leaks by employees, foreign governments and lastly through corporate competitions. Most of the theft occurs through cyber-attacks, advanced technology, and communication devices which increase anonymity of the individuals or organizations behind the vice. In the United States, protecting information on companies lies in the jurisdiction regarding the law of states. However, the other elements such as patent information, trademarks and copyrights are a responsibility of the federal law. According to the state law, the owners of a trade secret could file lawsuits against the known individuals that misappropriate such information. In the federal law, statutes such as the Economic Espionage Act (EEA) 1996 many also protect through prosecution, in particular, a situation where the confidential information many benefit another foreign state, instruments or agent[14]. In a case where the information is for use in interstates, the law also applies in ensuring that the owner of that kind of information gets protected from the usage of that information without their consent. According to this law, the attorney general has a legal duty to bring to a civil action or obtain an injunction that is against any violation. However, it is difficult for the federal government to adequately protect the trade secrets whose owners are the US citizens. The reason is that the US department of justice, as well as the federal bureau of investigation, has less power regarding the enforcement of the law on violations of trade secrets. In particular, their investigative and prosecution duty is not in facilitation with the provisions of the law. However, through urging the Congress to adopt a more elaborate law including the federal trade secret law that is uniform across the states, it will allow dealing more effectively the problem of stealing trade secrets. The process could help most of the companies in the US to seek injunctions relief as well as the monetary benefit especially in cases in violating theft of the business information as well as assets. One of the legislations in the 114th Congress that will give the power of private action to the federal government includes the Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA) (H.R. 3326 and S. 1890)[15].ÂÂ   The process is through a substitute amendment to the statute through the house senate judiciary committee in early 2016. The Uniform Trade Secrets Act (UTSA) of 1979 is the first effort by law through the National Conference of Commissioners on uniform state law before the effort by the federal government of the espionage act[16]. Regarding the state laws, the law of the common torts applies for cases involving misappropriation. The UTSA helps through consolidating the universal laws that Forty-seven states have adopted. The Senate Judiciary Committee continues to increase in the application of procedural and substantive standards towards protection of trade secrets. Enforceable laws under the federal government that will protect secrecy of the ideas of business the Trade Secrets Act and the Economic Espionage Act[17]. The first one involves a warning to government officials not to disclose information that is confidential as well as trade secrets enacted in 1948. The consequences could lead to removal from office. On the other hand, the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 is to address increasing threats to the US businesses hence the scheme to protect trade secrets. The act involves two offenses which include stealing business data to make gains to another states organization or individual and also the trade secret theft for a financial benefit of another party. Lastly, through the international law, the United States offers a more elaborate legal protection of the trade secrets. The US complies with the provisions of TRIPS as well as the provisions of the WTO[18]. Also, through provisions of other bilateral or multilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are significant in the protection of the intellectual property through the delivery of TRIPS agreement[19]. Pro-Plaintiff or Pro-Defendant Trends Arising From the Implementati